Messi Biology states that pharmaceutical-grade magnesium oxide is a highly refined inorganic compound that complies with pharmacopeia standards. Its primary component is magnesium oxide (MgO), which typically appears as a white, lightweight powder. Due to its excellent alkalinity, safety, and physiological compatibility, it is widely used in various medications. The following are its primary applications:
1. Antacid (Gastric Medication)
- Principle of Action: Magnesium oxide reacts with gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) to neutralize it, producing magnesium chloride and water. This reduces gastric acidity and relieves symptoms such as heartburn, acid reflux, and stomach pain caused by excessive stomach acid.
- Common Applications:
- Manufactured as standalone magnesium oxide tablets or oral suspensions.
- Formulated into compound preparations with other antacid ingredients like aluminum hydroxide and calcium carbonate.
- Advantages:
- Rapid onset of action.
- Relatively gentle; less likely to cause irritation to the gastric mucosa.
- Provides long-lasting relief.
2. Laxative / Cathartic
- Mechanism of Action: After entering the intestinal tract, magnesium oxide generates a small amount of magnesium hydroxide in an aqueous environment. It acts as an osmotic laxative by drawing water into the intestinal lumen, which softens the stool and stimulates peristalsis.
- Target Groups:
- Patients with constipation (especially the elderly and infirm).
- Long-term bedridden patients.
- Bowel preparation/cleansing prior to surgery.
- Advantages:
- Mild action with minimal irritation.
- Non-addictive and does not damage the intestinal nerves.
- Can be used for longer periods (under medical supervision).
3. Magnesium Supplement
- Nutritional Role: Magnesium is an essential macro-mineral for the human body, participating in over 300 enzymatic reactions. It influences muscle contraction, nerve conduction, protein synthesis, and heart rhythm stability.
- Indications for Supplementation:
- Magnesium deficiency (hypomagnesemia).
- Magnesium loss caused by alcoholism, chronic diarrhea, or diabetes.
- Athletes and patients with electrolyte imbalances.
- Product Forms:
- Magnesium oxide capsules or tablets.
- A magnesium source in multivitamin and mineral supplements.
4. Pharmaceutical Excipient / Carrier
The alkalinity and adsorption properties of magnesium oxide allow it to be used as a stabilizer or excipient in various formulations:
- Neutralizing acidic drugs to improve stability.
- Adsorbing volatile components within a medication.
- Acting as a filler or diluent for powder compression in tablet manufacturing.
5. Detoxification Aid
In certain cases of poisoning, magnesium oxide can be used in conjunction with activated charcoal or other laxatives to promote the excretion of toxic substances. It plays a supportive role, particularly in treating heavy metal poisoning or the ingestion of certain acidic toxins.